To evaluate anatomical outcome in premature infants who treated with transpupillary diode laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Charts of 35 patients who had undergone transpupillary diode laser photocoagulation for prethreshold and threshold ROP between 2011 and 2013 were evaluated. Transpupillary diode laser photocoagulation was done for 70 eyes of 35 patients according to results of early treatment of ROP study. All infants underwent laser therapy in 24-72 hours after diagnosis.

Twenty cases (57.14%) were male and 15 cases (42.85%) were female. The mean birth weight, gestational age at birth and chronological age at the time of laser therapy were 1239 (600-1960) grams, 29.34 (26-35) weeks and 54 (34-77) days, respectively. Repeated laser therapy was performed in 4 eyes (5.71%). Sixty seven eyes (95.71%) responded to diode laser photocoagulation. Preoperative complications included vitreous hemorrhage in 3 eyes (4.28%) that cleared spontaneously and corneal edema with normal intraocular pressure in 2 eyes (2.85%) of a patient which cleared after 10 days spontaneously. Postoperatively 1 eye (1.42%) developed exudative retinal detachment that resorbed by observation and topical steroid therapy. Only 3 eyes (4.28%) progressed to stage IV despite laser photocoagulation.

Transpupillary diode laser photocoagulation for ROP according to results of early treatment of ROP study seems to be efficacious in our center, without significant serious complication. Early diagnosis and laser therapy seems to be an important factor for anatomical success in management of ROP.